A record number of two and a half million URLs of child sexual abuse material was initiated for removal worldwide in 2024

Published: 21 May 2025

INHOPE, the international association against online sexual exploitation of children, has published its Annual Report for 2024. Last year, members of the organisation – including the legal assistance service of the National Media and Infocommunications Authority (NMHH), the Internet Hotline – found nearly 1,635,000 pieces of online content that they believed depicted sexual abuse of children. The analysts found that nine out of ten recordings featured children under 13 years old, and 98% of the recordings were of girls.

In 2024, a total of 2,497,438 URLs with suspected child sexual abuse material (CSAM) reported in ICCAM, the database also used by Interpol, were analysed by hotline analysts from INHOPE member hotlines. This represents a huge increase of 218 % compared to 2023.

65% of all content examined, i.e. 1,634,636 URLs, was found to be illegal, corresponding to a 202% increase relative to the previous year. In 2024, 37 % of all reported content was added to the database as “new content”, meaning that analysts had not previously encountered that content, which was presumed to be newly produced and depicting sexual abuse of children.

INHOPE – number of reports from 2020 to 2024
YearTotal content examinedNew contentPresumed illegal content
2020 1 038 250 683 890 492 961
2021 910 642 760 054 443 391
2022 587 852 497 001 402 601
2023 785 322 689 523 539 836
2024 2 497 438 929 733 1 634 636
Source: INHOPE Annual Report 2024

What could be behind the record high numbers in 2024?

In the 20 years since INHOPE started collecting data, it has never recorded such an extremely high number of uploads to the ICCAM system. In analysing the record numbers, hotline staff highlighted emerging trends such as the sexual extortion of children for financial gain, the misuse of generative artificial intelligence, the increasing use of encrypted messaging platforms and the abuse of self-generated CSAM. In addition, the so-called iCAP (“Invite Child Abuse Pyramid”) sites appeared in 2024, which, alongside image uploading sites, have now become prominent channels for the distribution of CSAM. These sites operate through affiliate-style systems and use social media platforms for distribution.

INHOPE’s Annual Report underlines that capacity and network building as well as increased cross-sectoral cooperation are essential to address the growing challenges. As the threat grows, INHOPE member hotlines continue to be at the forefront of content removal, working tirelessly to address reports in close cooperation with each other and local law enforcement agencies.

Characteristics of the victims

The vast majority of records (93%) involve children under 13, up from 83% last year.

INHOPE – biological sex of victims in 2024
What was the biological sex of the victim of online abuse?Ratio
Female 98,71%
Male 0,76%
The video showed both 0,53%
Source: INHOPE Annual Report 2024

The summary also shows that girls are much more affected by sexual abuse: In 2024, 98% of the reported infringing contents featured girls, 1% depicted boys, and the remaining 1% depicted both girls and boys. Although in smaller doses, male children are also exposed to sexual abuse.

INHOPE – age of victims in 2024
What age group was the victim of online abuse?Ratio
Pre-adolescence (3–13 years old) 93,24%
Adolescent (14–17 years old) 6,59%
Infant or toddler (under 3 years old) 0,17%
Source: INHOPE Annual Report 2024

According to INHOPE’s Annual Report, most CSAM content globally continued to be hosted on servers in the Netherlands (59 %) and the US (13 %). They are followed by Slovakia (5 %) and Bulgaria (4 %). Statistics show that CSAM was hosted in 86 countries around the world. According to statistics, criminals who distribute CSAM explicitly rarely use hosting sites in Hungary.

Internet Hotline relevance

Since 2011, the NMHH has been operating its legal assistance service, the Internet Hotline, which receives reports from users and foreign hotlines in 8 categories, including CSAM and child pornography. Internet Hotline joined INHOPE 13 years ago, in 2012.

Last year, the Internet Hotline reported 274 URLs hosted on foreign servers in the ICCAM system that it suspected, on the basis of hotline analysts’ investigation, of depicting child sexual abuse, in relation to 142 reports. The Internet Hotline received reports from foreign INHOPE member hotlines about 56 URLs that were available on Hungarian servers and that the reporting foreign hotline believed could be CSAM.

INHOPE is asking users everywhere to report, even anonymously, any CSAM they come across online, rather than ignore it.

The NMHH Internet Hotline accepts reports via its reporting interface (https://ekapu.nmhh.hu/ugyLetrehozas/DO643120 ) or at the email address internethotline@internethotline.hu.

About INHOPE in general

The International Association of Internet Hotlines (INHOPE) was launched in 1999 with the aim of preventing the spread of CSAM on the Internet and supporting the work of law enforcement agencies in detecting related crimes. INHOPE has been in existence for 25 years and currently links 55 hotlines in 52 countries.

The data included in its Annual Report is based on ICCAM, a database operated by the INHOPE and used by INHOPE member hotlines and Interpol, which allows the sharing of URLs to CSAM between hotlines for investigation and analysis. It works by allowing all content to be checked by the hotline of the country in which the content is hosted.

The full INHOPE Annual Report is available in English as a PDF at the following link: INHOPE Annual Report 2024.